The biggest and most powerful rocket ever built has taken to the skies again. And this time, it came back.
SpaceX launched its 400-foot-tall (122 meters) Starship vehicle for the fifth time ever today (Oct. 13), sending the giant rocket aloft from its Starbase site in South Texas at 8:25 am. EDT (1225 GMT). The mission is still underway and you can watch it live below.
The mission aimed to break new ground for Starship, and for spaceflight in general: SpaceX planned to return Starship’s huge first-stage booster, known as Super Heavy, directly to its launch mount, catching it with the “chopstick” arms of the launch tower in a bold and unprecedented maneuver. And that’s exactly what happened. About seven minutes after liftoff, SpaceX’s Super Heavy executed what appeared to be a bull’s-eye landing, hovering near the Mechazilla launch tower as the tower captured it with its metal arms.
“This is a day for the engineering history books,” Kate Tice, SpaceX manager of Quality Systems Engineering, said during live commentary as SpaceX employees screamed and cheered at the company’s Hawthorne, California headquarters behind her. “This is absolutely insane! On the first ever attempt we have successfully caught the Super Heavy booster back at the launch tower.”
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“Are you kidding me!” SpaceX spokesperson Dan Huot added from the launch site. “Even in this day and age, what we just saw, that looked like magic.”
The booster catch was not the only goal for Flight 5. SpaceX also aimed to send Starship’s 165-foot-tall (50 m) upper stage — known as Starship, or simply Ship — to space and bring it back to Earth with a splashdown in the Indian Ocean. If all goes according to plan, Ship will hit the waves about 65 minutes after liftoff.
A giant moon and Mars rocket
SpaceX is developing Starship to help humanity settle the moon and Mars, among other exploration feats. The vehicle is designed to be fully and rapidly reusable (as evidenced by the Super Heavy launch-mount landing plan, which will slash the time needed between flights). This characteristic, combined with Starship’s unprecedented power, could revolutionize spaceflight, according to the company and its founder, Elon Musk.
Related: Starship and Super Heavy explained
NASA is a believer in the vehicle, selecting it to be the first crewed lander for its Artemis program of moon exploration. If all goes to plan, Starship will land NASA astronauts on Earth’s nearest neighbor for the first time on the Artemis 3 mission, which is targeted to launch in September 2026.
SpaceX aims to get Starship up and running in time to meet such deadlines via its usual development strategy — tweaking the vehicle and testing those tweaks on test flights, then repeating the process. Indeed, the Flight 5 Starship featured some significant modifications compared to its predecessors.
“One of the key upgrades on Starship ahead of flight was a complete rework of its heat shield, with SpaceX technicians spending more than 12,000 hours replacing the entire thermal protection system with newer-generation tiles, a backup ablative layer and additional protections between the flap structures,” SpaceX wrote in a Flight 5 mission description.
Starship’s previous four test flights occurred in April and November of 2023 and March and June of this year.
The rocket has performed better on each successive flight. The debut mission lasted just four minutes, for example; SpaceX ordered a detonation high in the Texas sky after Starship’s two stages failed to separate. But Flight 4, which launched on June 6, was a complete success; Ship reached orbital velocity, and both it and Super Heavy survived their return to Earth, landing in their designated splashdown zones.
The waiting game
If it were up to SpaceX, Flight 5 likely would’ve been in the books two months ago; the company said that Starship was ready to go from a technical standpoint in early August.
Launches require approval from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), however, and the agency needed more time before greenlighting this one. Indeed, last month, the FAA said that it didn’t expect approval for Flight 5 to come before late November.
The FAA explained its reasoning in an emailed statement to Space.com on Sept. 11.
“SpaceX’s current license authorizing the Starship Flight 4 launch also allows for multiple flights of the same vehicle configuration and mission profile. SpaceX chose to modify both for its proposed Starship Flight 5 launch, which triggered a more in-depth review,” agency officials wrote.
“In addition, SpaceX submitted new information in mid-August detailing how the environmental impact of Flight 5 will cover a larger area than previously reviewed,” they added. “This requires the FAA to consult with other agencies.”
SpaceX was not happy with the news. On Sept. 10, the company published a blog post titled “Starships Are Meant to Fly,” which claimed that the FAA had previously given SpaceX a mid-September estimate for Flight 5’s approval. The document also expressed frustration with the FAA’s pace and process and with launch-industry regulations in general.
The Flight 5 “delay was not based on a new safety concern, but instead driven by superfluous environmental analysis,” SpaceX wrote in the post.
“We find ourselves delayed for unreasonable and exasperating reasons,” the company added. “Unfortunately, we continue to be stuck in a reality where it takes longer to do the government paperwork to license a rocket launch than it does to design and build the actual hardware,” the company added. “This should never happen and directly threatens America’s position as the leader in space.”
In the end, the late-November estimate for Flight 5 proved pessimistic.
And it’s safe to assume that SpaceX wants to launch another Starship mission relatively soon. Last month, SpaceX conducted a static fire — a common prelaunch test in which a rocket’s engines are fired while it remains anchored to the ground — with the Flight 6 Ship vehicle.
And there will be more test missions coming after that; SpaceX always has a few Starships in the queue, and it’s always itching to fly.